{"id":240,"date":"2016-02-08T15:52:47","date_gmt":"2016-02-08T15:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/?page_id=240"},"modified":"2016-04-11T07:34:45","modified_gmt":"2016-04-11T07:34:45","slug":"employment-related-objectives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/fr\/do-i-want-to-assess-an-existing-phs-policy\/part-3-what-are-the-different-types-of-phs-policy-measures\/the-list-of-main-objectives\/employment-related-objectives\/","title":{"rendered":"Objectifs li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/41.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-927\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-927\" src=\"http:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/41.png\" alt=\"4[1]\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/41.png 728w, https:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/41-300x37.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/fr\/do-i-want-to-assess-an-existing-phs-policy\/part-3-what-are-the-different-types-of-phs-policy-measures\/the-list-of-main-objectives\/\" title=\"La liste des principaux objectifs\">Previous: La liste des principaux objectifs<\/a><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Objectif 1: cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les mesures de soutien aux PHS ont des effets consid\u00e9rables sur l&#8217;emploi compte tenu des <strong>emplois qui sont directement cr\u00e9\u00e9s<\/strong> pour r\u00e9aliser les activit\u00e9s de PHS <strong>et indirectement cr\u00e9\u00e9s <\/strong>en vue d&rsquo;aiguiller les travailleurs dans les services aux personnes et aux m\u00e9nages, mais aussi parce qu&rsquo;elles permettent aux utilisateurs des PHS de <strong>r\u00e9int\u00e9grer le march\u00e9 de l&#8217;emploi <\/strong>ou d&rsquo;augmenter leur temps de travail. Ces effets se traduisent par une forte baisse du ch\u00f4mage \u00e0 long terme et par une hausse de l&#8217;emploi de certains groupes cibles, comme les personnes peu qualifi\u00e9es et les femmes\u00a0\u2014 des r\u00e9sultats qui cadrent particuli\u00e8rement bien avec la strat\u00e9gie Europe\u00a02020. Les donn\u00e9es et les chiffres d&rsquo;Eurostat indiquent qu&rsquo;en\u00a02014, 7,3\u00a0millions de travailleurs offraient des services aux personnes et aux m\u00e9nages (sur la base des codes NACE\u00a088 et 97) dans l&rsquo;EU-28 (Commission europ\u00e9enne, 2015). Ces donn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre prises avec prudence, les services aux personnes et aux m\u00e9nages pouvant englober des activit\u00e9s qui sont rang\u00e9es dans d&rsquo;autres secteurs de la NACE. En ce qui concerne la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois, il appara\u00eet que, selon l&rsquo;\u00e9dition\u00a02014 du \u00abEuropean Jobs Monitor\u00bb d&rsquo;Eurofound, entre\u00a02011 et 2013, le secteur des PHS a employ\u00e9 81\u00a0192 travailleurs suppl\u00e9mentaires dans les services de soins personnels et 74\u00a0518 dans les services aux personnes. Le secteur des PHS est par cons\u00e9quent le deuxi\u00e8me secteur d&#8217;emploi \u00e0 la croissance la plus rapide, derri\u00e8re les TIC, une croissance qui ne devrait pas baisser de sit\u00f4t. La Commission (2012) indique en effet que le potentiel de cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois dans le secteur des PHS est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 5,5\u00a0millions de nouveaux emplois dans les ann\u00e9es qui viennent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>En <strong>Belgique<\/strong>, l&rsquo;un des principaux objectifs du syst\u00e8me de titres-services lanc\u00e9 en\u00a02004 \u00e9tait la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois. C&rsquo;est ainsi qu&rsquo;en\u00a02013, le syst\u00e8me employait 160\u00a0793\u00a0personnes, ce qui repr\u00e9sentait 4,2\u00a0% de l&#8217;emploi en Belgique (IDEA Consult, 2013). Il en va de m\u00eame en ce qui concerne le syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9duction fiscale appliqu\u00e9 en <strong>Su\u00e8de<\/strong> (RUT), qui\u00a0\u2014 selon certaines estimations &#8211; a entra\u00een\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;environ 15\u00a0000\u00a0emplois entre 2007 et 2011 (Konjunkturinstitutet, 2011).<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Objectif 2: r\u00e9duction du travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;une des principales caract\u00e9ristiques du secteur des PHS est le fait qu&rsquo;une <strong>grande partie de ses services sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re informelle par des travailleurs non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s<\/strong>. Cela s&rsquo;explique essentiellement par le contenu de main-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre \u00e9lev\u00e9 qui caract\u00e9rise le secteur (le prix pay\u00e9 pour les services se compose presque enti\u00e8rement du salaire des travailleurs), ce qui veut dire que la prestation formelle de PHS est, en termes relatifs, nettement plus co\u00fbteuse (en prenant en consid\u00e9ration les imp\u00f4ts, etc.) que la prestation non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e. Pour les pouvoirs publics, le travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9 repr\u00e9sente une perte dans les cotisations sociales et dans le paiement de l&rsquo;imp\u00f4t, une situation qui, pour les travailleurs non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s, est souvent synonyme de mauvaises conditions de travail et d&rsquo;absence de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale.<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es indiquent que par rapport aux autres secteurs, les PHS sont particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9s au travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sultats de l&rsquo;Eurobarom\u00e8tre sp\u00e9cial (n\u00b0\u00a0402, publi\u00e9 en\u00a02014) sur \u00abLe travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;UE\u00bb indiquent que 11\u00a0% de la population de l&rsquo;EU-27 reconnaissait avoir achet\u00e9 des biens ou des services en rapport avec le travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9. Parmi ces personnes, 15\u00a0% des acheteurs d\u00e9claraient avoir achet\u00e9 des services m\u00e9nagers (jardinage, m\u00e9nage, garde d&rsquo;enfants et prise en charge de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, etc.) et 7\u00a0%, des services aux personnes (coiffure, enseignement priv\u00e9, etc.). Si l&rsquo;on en croit les chiffres du pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent Eurobarom\u00e8tre sur le travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9 (2007) et compte tenu du fait que les travailleurs non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s ne travaillent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas \u00e0 temps plein, on estime que le nombre potentiel de travailleurs non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s dans les services m\u00e9nagers s&rsquo;\u00e9levait \u00e0 environ un million de personnes<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Comme l&rsquo;indique la Commission (2012), ces estimations sont relativement prudentes compte tenu du degr\u00e9 de sous-d\u00e9claration qui caract\u00e9rise les enqu\u00eates sur le travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sultats de la DGCIS (2011) indiquent que dans les pays o\u00f9 aucune politique en faveur des PHS n&rsquo;est appliqu\u00e9e, les services non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent environ 70\u00a0% des transactions, contre 30\u00a0% dans les pays o\u00f9 des mesures d&rsquo;appui sont appliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>En <strong>France<\/strong>, le travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans le secteur domestique est pass\u00e9 de 40\u00a0% en\u00a02005 \u00e0 30\u00a0% en 2011 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes mesures d&rsquo;incitation d&rsquo;ordre fiscal et administratif (Wyman O., 2013). En <strong>Finlande<\/strong>, la part du travail non d\u00e9clar\u00e9 est pass\u00e9e de 60\u00a0% \u00e0 environ 25\u00a0% dans les services domestiques \u00e0 la suite de l&rsquo;introduction du cr\u00e9dit d&rsquo;imp\u00f4t pour aide \u00e0 domicile.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Objectif 3: promotion et croissance des activit\u00e9s de PHS<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La hausse de l&#8217;emploi dans les prestations de PHS formelles est sans doute le signe d&rsquo;une hausse du nombre d&rsquo;entreprises et\/ou de transactions dans les PHS. Si certains prestataires existaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 avant l&rsquo;adoption des mesures de soutien aux PHS, celles-ci vont leur permettre d&rsquo;\u00e9tendre leurs activit\u00e9s, tout en encourageant l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e de nouvelles entreprises sur le march\u00e9. La cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles entreprises a des cons\u00e9quences directes sur la <strong>cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois indirects<\/strong> (personnel administratif, etc.), ainsi que sur les recettes fiscales de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat. L&rsquo;essor du secteur formel peut aussi faciliter la <strong>professionnalisation des services<\/strong> (formations, etc.) et contribuer \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les <strong>conditions de travail et d&#8217;emploi des travailleurs<\/strong> (qui offraient auparavant des PHS non d\u00e9clar\u00e9s), comme nous le verrons plus loin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>Par exemple, en <strong>France<\/strong>, l&rsquo;essor du secteur (augmentation du nombre d&rsquo;entreprises et\/ou de leur taille, professionnalisation des entreprises, etc.) \u00e9tait l&rsquo;un des principaux objectifs du \u00abplan Borloo\u00bb, qui visait notamment \u00e0 encourager l&rsquo;offre de services en facilitant la proc\u00e9dure d&rsquo;agr\u00e9ment, etc. C&rsquo;est ainsi qu&rsquo;en\u00a02012, 28\u00a0600\u00a0organisations \u00e9taient actives dans le secteur des PHS, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une hausse de 12\u00a0% par rapport \u00e0\u00a02011. Le plan visait aussi \u00e0 professionnaliser le secteur, notamment en d\u00e9veloppant des structures interm\u00e9diaires charg\u00e9es de faciliter la relation entre la demande et l&rsquo;offre et de garantir la qualit\u00e9 des prestataires de services ayant obtenu leur agr\u00e9ment.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>Voir Commission europ\u00e9enne (2012), document de travail des services de la Commission sur l&rsquo;exploitation des possibilit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois offertes par les services aux personnes et aux m\u00e9nages, SWD (2012) 95 final.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><div class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/impact-phs.eu\/fr\/do-i-want-to-assess-an-existing-phs-policy\/part-3-what-are-the-different-types-of-phs-policy-measures\/the-list-of-main-objectives\/social-objectives-phs-measures-social-inclusion\/\" title=\"Objectifs sociaux des mesures de soutien aux PHS \u2014 l&rsquo;inclusion sociale\">Next: Objectifs sociaux des mesures de soutien aux PHS \u2014 l&rsquo;inclusion sociale<\/a><\/div><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Objectif 1: cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;emplois Les mesures de soutien aux PHS ont des effets consid\u00e9rables sur l&#8217;emploi compte tenu des emplois [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":238,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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